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Visaokay assists the Australian travel industry, corporations and government, and individuals by ___________ the entire visa advice and visa issuance process. Visaokay minimizes the complexity and time delays associated with applying for and obtaining travel visas.

Given our awesome capacities for rationalization and self-deception, most of us are going to measure ourselves _________:I was honest with that blind passenger because I’m a wonder person. I cheated the sighted one because she probably has too much money anyway.

A:Look at this letter.

B:Ah yes, I thought it was something official looking. You're being fined for exceeding the speed limit, it says. Why weren't you fined on the spot?

A:_____________________________________________.

B:They're installing more and more of them around here. You're going to have to be more careful in future.

A:You're not kidding. The fine is $60.

Tom:Frankly, I don't think my new boss knows what he is doing.

Jack:He is young, Tom. You have to give him a chance.

Tom:How many chances do I have to give him? He's actually doing terribly.

Jack:_________________________________.

Tom:What? Where?

Jack:Over there. Your new boss just turned around the corner.

Noise pollution ①is different from other forms of pollution in ②a number of ways. Noise is transient: once the pollution stops, the environment is free of it. This is not the case with air pollution, for example. We can measure the amount of chemicals ③introduced into the air, ④whereas is extremely difficult to monitor cumulative exposure to noise.

○In Korea, the eldest son tends to ㉠ a lot of responsibility.

○The same words ㉡ different meaning when said in different ways.

We need to iron out a few problems first.

Year after year, a survey sponsored by Scotland's Centre for European Labour Market Research finds the same thing: If you want to be happy in life, be happy in your job. Okay, but what will make me happy in my job? Some researchers at the University of British Columbia in Canada have come up with an interesting way quantifying the seemingly unquantifiable.

(A)For example, trust in management—by far the biggest component of job satisfaction—is worth as much in your overall happiness as a very substantial raise. Say you get a new boss and your trust in your workplace's management goes up a bit.

(B)By analyzing life-satisfaction surveys that consider four key factors in job satisfaction, they have figured out how much each is worth when compared with salary increases.

(C)Even that small increase in trust is like getting a thirty six percent pay raise, the researchers calculate. In other words, that will boost your level of overall satisfaction in life by about the same amount as a thirty six percent raise would.

It can sometimes feel as if South Korea, overworked, overstressed and ever anxious, is ____________ a national nervous breakdown, with a rising divorce rate, students who feel suffocated by academic pressures, a suicide rate among the highest in the world and a macho corporate culture that still encourages blackout drinking sessions after work. More than 30 Koreans kill themselves everyday, and the suicides of entertainers, politicians, athletes and business leaders have become almost commonplace.

Strategic thinking can make a positive impact on any area of life. The first step in strategic thinking is to _____________________________________ so that you can focus on it more effectively. That's what automotive innovator Henry Ford did when he created the assembly line, and that's why he said, "Nothing is particularly hard if you divide it into small jobs." He also said, "Only one person in a million can juggle the whole things at the same time and think strategically to create solid, valid plans." He is well known for his habit of splitting tasks. Right before the beginning of each weekday, he would think about daily issues, prioritizing the issues for the weekday. He made a rule to deal with the issues only allotted for the day.

You as the parent must try to read their crying to be able to help them. This will also help you assess your children's perception of your discipline. In many cases, when a child feels that he has been punished wrongly, it is more difficult to console him. He cried pathetically. Others may receive the punishment in a defiant mood. ________________, when a child feels guilty and he is not punished or assured of forgiveness, he is likely to feel insecure and timid. In such a case when punished they may cry but quickly compose themselves and seek to attract love from the parent. Children usually want the crisp and clean punishment followed by fellowship rather than living with uncertainty.

The space shuttle Challenger had just taken off for its tenth flight in January 1986 when it exploded in the air and killed all seven people inside. Millions of people around the world were watching the liftoff because schoolteacher Christa McAuliffe was on board. McAuliffe, who had been chosen to be the first teacher in space, was planning to broadcast lessons directly to schools from the shuttle's orbit around Earth. This Challenger disaster led NASA to stop all space shuttle missions for nearly three years while they looked for the cause of the explosion and fixed the problem. They soon discovered that the shuttle had a faulty seal on one of the rocket boosters. Unfortunately, the teacher-in-space program was indefinitely put on hold. So were NASA's plans to send musicians, journalists, and artists to space.

A team of researchers has found that immunizing patients with bee venom instead of with the bee's crushed bodies can better prevent serious and sometimes fatal sting reactions in the more than one million Americans who are hypersensitive to bee stings. The crushed-body treatment has been standard for fifty years, but a report released recently said that it was ineffective. The serum made from the crushed bodies of bees produced more adverse reactions than the injections of the venom did. The research compared results of the crushed-body treatment with results of immunotherapy that used insect venom and also with results of a placebo. After six to ten weeks of immunization, allergic reactions to stings occurred in seven of twelve patients treated with the placebo, seven of twelve treated with crushed-body extract, and one of eighteen treated with the venom.

Look at the following list of numbers: 4, 8, 5, 3, 9, 7, 6. Read them out loud and memorize that sequence. If you speak English, you have about a 50 percent chance of remembering that perfectly. If you're Chinese, though, you're almost certain to get it right every time. This is because pronouncing them in Chinese takes shorter time. In addition, the number－naming systems are in Western and Asian languages. In English, for example, they say fourteen and sixteen, so one might expect that they would also say oneteen and twoteen. But they don't. The number system in English is irregular. In contrast, Asians have logical counting systems. Those differences mean that Asian children learn to count much faster and perform basic functions better than Western children.

Being good at ㉠ may be rooted in the different ㉡ systems.

It's long been part of folk wisdom that birth order strongly affects personality, intelligence and achievement. However, most of the research claiming that firstborns are radically different from other children has been discredited, and it now seems that any effects of birth order on intelligence or personality will likely be washed out by all the other influences in a person's life. In fact, the belief in the permanent impact of birth order, according to Toni Falbo, a social psychologist at the University of Texas at Austin, comes from the psychological theory that your personality is fixed by the time you're six. That assumption simply is incorrect. The better, later and larger studies are less likely to find birth order a useful predictor of anything. When two Swiss social scientists, Cecile Ernst and Jules Angst, reviewed 1,500 studies a few years ago they concluded that "birth order differences in personality are nonexistent in our sample. In particular, there is no evidence for a firstborn personality."

Late one night, Catherine Ryan Hyde was driving in Los Angeles. In a dangerous neighborhood, her car caught on fire. She got out. Three men ran toward her. She immediately felt afraid of them. They didn't hurt her, though. They put out the fire and called the fire department. When she turned to thank them, they were gone. Years later, that event became the subject of her novel called Pay It Forward. She never forgot that event. In the book, a teacher asks his students to "think of an idea for world change and put it into action." A boy named Trevor suggested doing kind acts for others. They used his ideas. Trevor's idea works like this. Someone chooses three people and does something nice for each one. In return, the recipients of that favor must do favors for three more people. In 2000, the novel inspired a movie.

He knew, though, he would never become an Olympic runner, so he looked for other sports that he could play.

Many people have faced great obstacles in their lives but have found ways to overcome and actually benefit from these obstacles. For example, Greg Barton, the 1984, 1988, and 1992 U.S. Olympic medalist in kayaking, was born with a serious disability. ( A ) He had deformed feet, his toes pointed inward, and as a result, he could not walk easily. Even after a series of operations, he still had limited mobility. ( B ) Even so, Greg was never defeated. First, he taught himself to walk, and even to run. Then, he competed in his high school running team. ( C ) Happily, he discovered kayaking, a perfect sport for him because it required minimal leg and foot muscles. Using his upper body strength, he was able to master the sport. ( D ) Finally, after many years of training and perseverance, Greg made the 1984 Olympic team.

The winner's complacent smile annoyed some of the members of the audience.

The usual way of coping with taboo words and notions is to develop euphemisms and circumlocutions. Hundreds of words and phrases have emerged to express basic biological functions, and talk about _________ has its own linguistics world. English examples include "to pass on," "to snuff the candle," and "to go aloft."

The enjoyment of life, pleasure, is the natural object of all human efforts. Nature, however, also wants us to help one another to enjoy life. She's equally anxious for the welfare of every member of the species. So she tells us to make quite sure that we don't pursue our own interests __________________ other people's.

A:Have you written your term paper yet?

B:No, but I'll have plenty of time to do it next week.

A:That's what you said last week and the week before. You can't put it off forever. You should use your free time and do some work.

B:The truth is, I've ㉠ in all my classes and I don't know if I can ever ㉡ .

A:I'm sorry. But talking about it won't help at this point.

B:You're right. I'll start on it tomorrow.

A:Not tomorrow! Today!

A man who ①shoplifted from the Woolworth's store in Shanton in 1952 recently sent the shop an anonymous letter of apology. In it, he said, "I ②have been guilt-ridden all these days." The item he ③stole was a two dollar toy. He enclosed a money order ④paid back the two dollars with interest.

A:Oh, that was a wonderful dinner. That's the best meal I've had in a long time.

B:Thank you.

A:Can I give you a hand with the dishes?

B:Uh-uh, _________________. I'll do them myself later. Hey, would you like me to fix some coffee?

A:Thanks a lot. I'd love some. Would you mind if I smoke?

B:Why, not at all. Here, let me get you an ashtray.

A:Hey, my poor buddy! What's the problem?

B:You know I took over this presentation all of a sudden. And tomorrow is the due date for the presentation. I couldn't even start it yet.

A:Look! I'm here for you. ______________________

Taking time to clear your mind through meditation can boost your spirits and your immunity. Psychologist, Richard Davidson, gave 40 people a flu vaccine. Half of them followed a regular meditation schedule for an hour a day, six days a week. The others just got the vaccine. After eight weeks, the meditators had higher levels of flu-fighting antibodies than those who didn't meditate. They were also better able to deal with stress and had increased activity in the area of the brain linked to good moods. "Meditation produces measurable biological changes in the brain and body," says Davidson. "It is safe and can be of great benefit."

Active listeners listen with their ears, their eyes, and their mind. They take in the objective information by listening to the literal words that are spoken. But every spoken message contains more than words. Speakers also communicate subjective information－their feelings and emotions－through other vocal sounds and nonverbal signals. These include verbal intonations such as loudness, emphasis, hesitations, voice movements, facial expressions, body posture, and hand gestures. By listening for feelings and emotions as well as for literal words, you can grasp the total meaning behind the speaker's message. Yet, no matter how good you become at listening for total meaning, there still remains the potential for misunderstanding. That's why the active listener verifies completeness by asking questions. The use of questions can uncover distortions and clarify misunderstandings.

No matter how satisfying our work is, it is a mistake to rely on work as our only source of satisfaction. Just as humans need a varied diet to supply a variety of needed vitamins and minerals to maintain health, so we need a varied diet of activities that can supply a sense of enjoyment and satisfaction. Some experts suggest that one can start by making an inventory－a list of the things you enjoy doing, your talents and interests, and even new things that you think you might enjoy if you tried them. It may be gardening, cooking, a sport, learning a new language, or volunteer work. If you shift your interest and attention to other activities for a while, eventually the cycle will swing again, and you can return to your work with renewed interest and enthusiasm.

Oscar Wilde once wrote, "In this world there are only two tragedies. One is not getting what one wants, and the other is getting it." He was trying to warn us that no matter how hard we work at being successful, success won't satisfy us. By the time we get there, having sacrificed so much on the altar of being successful, we will realize that success was not what we wanted. People who have money and power know something that you and I do not know and might not believe even when we are told. Money and power do not satisfy that unnameable hunger in the soul. Even the rich and powerful find themselves yearning for something more. We read about the family problems of the rich and famous, we see fictionalized conflicts on television, but we never get the message. Instead, we keep thinking that ___________________________________________.

Farmland provides more than just crops for human and animal consumption. It provides raw materials used to make building materials, paper, and fuels. The lives of many people also revolve around farming, which gives them the driving force that keeps them alive. Farmland, however, has slowly been eliminated by urban sprawl, in which people in urban areas spread into and take over rural areas. In the near future, urban sprawl is going to leave us with a shortage of natural resources. We need to be aware of the potential risks in future years and _____________________________________________________.

There's a company based in London, Great Britain, that offers a unique service: You can hire people to wait in line for you. Of course there's a fee. The "waiters" will queue up for anything from concert tickets, to passports, to a line for a driver's license. The company says it has done some research showing that people in Britain spent about a year of their entire lives waiting in lines. Some people just don't want to spend time doing that. How much does the waiting service cost? Twenty nine dollars an hour. The company so far has eighty employees, most of them recruited from the long-term unemployed because "It's a job that doesn't require a lot of skill or experience." The one thing it does require is __________.

Britain, the biggest single beneficiary of the first age of globalization, was unlikely to gain much from its end. In the 1920s the old and tested policies no longer seemed to work. Paying for World WarⅠ had let to a tenfold increase in the national debt. Just paying the interest on that debt consumed close to half of total central government spending by the mid-1920s. The assumption that the budget should nevertheless be balanced meant that public finance was dominated by transfers from income tax-payers to bondholders. The increased power of the trade unions during and after the war not only intensified industrial strife but also meant that wage cuts were slower than price cuts. Rising real wages led to unemployment: during the Depression year of 1932 nearly three million people, close to a quarter of all insured workers, were out of work.

Professor Taylor, who wrote "What are Children for?," believes that the status of fatherhood has been affected by modern life. "Fathers have moved farther away from their children than ever before," he says. "In the past, sons looked to their father, emulating his job and wisdom. Now, however, fathers have nothing for their children to inherit. The world is changing too quickly, and instead of sitting at their father's feet listening to stories about the world, children are closed up in their own rooms on the Internet, finding out about it first. It is difficult to redefine the role of father. There is nothing obvious for him to do or be."

Not even the bedrooms were private.

The growing individualism showed itself in a desire for privacy. ( A )In the seventeenth century middle-class and wealthier families were served by servants, who listened to their conversation as they ate. ( B )They lived in rooms that led one to another, usually through wide double doors. ( C )But in the eighteenth century families began to eat alone, preferring to serve themselves than to have servants listening to everything they had to say. ( D )They also rebuilt the insides of their homes, putting in corridors, so that every person in the family had their own private bedroom.

Once, there was a little boy who had a bad temper. His father gave him a bag of nails and told him that every time he lost his temper, he must hammer a nail into the back of the fence.

(A)The father took his son by the hand and led him to the fence. He said, "You have done well, my son, but look at the holes in the fence. The fence will never be the same. When you say things in anger, they leave a scar just like this one."

(B)He told his father about it and the father suggested that the boy now pull out one nail for each day that he was able to hold his temper. The days passed and the young boy was finally able to tell his father that all the nails were gone.

(C)The first day the boy had driven six nails into the fence. Over the next few weeks, as he learned to control his anger, the number of nails hammered daily gradually dwindled. Finally the day came when the boy didn't lose his temper at all.

It is debatable whether nuclear weapons actually prevent war.

To avoid death duty, the man the greater part of his property to his only son as soon as he retired.

The viability of reclaimed water for indirect potable reuse should be assessed quantity and reliability of raw water supplies, the quality of reclaimed water, and cost effectiveness.

In general terms, tablet PC refers to a slate-shaped mobile computer device, equipped with a touchscreen or stylus to operate the computer. Tablet PCs are often used where normal notebooks are impractical or ________, or do not provide the needed functionality.

The Aztecs believed that chocolate①made people intelligent. Today, we do not believe this. But chocolate has a special chemical ②calling phenylethylamine. This is the same chemical ③the body makes when a person is in love. Which do you prefer－④eating chocolate or being in love?

A:What are you doing?

B:I'm looking at my calendar. I have a dental appointment tomorrow.

A:Tomorrow? But we're going to Jim's wedding tomorrow.

B:Yes, I know. __________________.

A:Is it for a regular checkup?

B:No. It's just for the cleaning.

As the weather changes, joggers, like some exotic species of bird, begin to molt. On frigid winter days, when the wind and snow sweep down from Canada, the joggers wear heavy layers of clothes. Ski masks cover their faces, woolen caps hide their hair, and heavy scarves are wrapped snugly around their necks. Gradually, however, the weather warms, and the bulky layers of clothes are peeled away. First, lightweight jogging suits in terry cloth, velour, and even plastic dot the paths in parks and along streets. As spring changes to summer, winter-pale legs and arms begin to appear, covered only partially by shorts and T-shirts.

Fundamental happiness depends more than anything else upon what may be called a friendly interest in persons and things. The kind[of interest in persons]that makes for happiness is the kind that likes to observe people and finds pleasure in their individual traits, that wishes to afford scope for the interests and pleasures of those with whom it is brought into contact without desiring to acquire power over them or to secure their enthusiastic admiration. The person whose attitude towards ________ is genuinely of this kind will be a source of happiness and a recipient of reciprocal kindness. To like many people spontaneously and without effort is perhaps the greatest of all sources of personal happiness.

The white-tailed deer was one of the first animals to be protected by federal legislation. But as it turns out, unlike the passenger pigeon, white-tailed deer were not in much need of _____________. They have proven to be highly adaptable creatures, and their population has not diminished despite the loss of wooded areas. Like squirrels and robins, white-tailed deer have adapted quite nicely to life on the edge of suburbia. In fact, they are happy to supplement their regular diets with fruits and vegetables from gardens. In addition, many homeowners are fond of these gentle creatures and put out blocks of deer food that help the animals make it through harsh winters.

One way to accelerate the flow of new ideas is to be put in difficult situations where you're likely to fail. When we fail to do something, we feel frustrated and we begin trying out other behaviors. Many ideas compete vigorously, greatly enhancing the creative process. Say you start to turn a doorknob that has always turned easily. It won't move. You turn the knob harder. Then you pull it up or push it down. Maybe you wiggle it. Eventually, you may shove or kick the door. These efforts from established behaviors will probably lead to new solutions. Creativity is an extension of .

If you are at the seaside, and you take an old, dull, brown penny and rub it hard for a minute or two with handfuls of wet sand, the penny will come out a bright gold colour, looking as clean and new as the day it was made. Now poetry has the same effect on words as wet sand on pennies. In what seems almost a miraculous way, it brightens up words that looked dull and ordinary. Thus, poetry is perpetually .

Some people give up the moment an obstacle is placed in front of them. Some people doggedly continue to pursue a goal even after years of frustration and failure. What is the difference between these two people? Those who feel they are not responsible for choosing their goals and pursing them tend to believe that results are arbitrary. To them, it does not matter how hard you try or how talented you are. Being successful is all a matter of luck. Those who persevere, , recognize that they are ultimately responsible not just for pursuing their goals, but for setting them. To them, what you do matters, and giving up for no reasons does not seem very attractive.

Many sports help to ( A ) one's reactions and dexterity. Sports can also improve one's process of thought. Be sure to judge whether or not the level of exercise activity is appropriate as you are participating in the sport. Being wise about the health benefits of sports will ensure a healthy lifestyle. Regular exercise will help one's personality to be positive. If you ( B ) what has been suggested, you will have favorable results.

All you have to do is this: When you feel yourself getting angry, take a long, deep breath, and as you do, say the number one to yourself.

When I was growing up, my father used to count out loud to ten when he was angry with my sisters and me. ( A ) It was a strategy he used to cool down before deciding what to do next. ( B ) I've improved this strategy by incorporating the use of the breath. ( C ) Then, relax your entire body as you breathe out. ( D ) What you are doing here is clearing your mind with a mini version of a meditation exercise. The combination of counting and breathing is so relaxing that it's almost impossible to remain angry once you are finished.

According to government figures, the preponderance of jobs in the next century will be in service-related fields, such as health and business. ①Jobs will also be plentiful in technical fields and in retail establishments, such as stores and restaurants. ②The expansion in these fields is due to several factors: an aging population, numerous technical breakthroughs, and our changing lifestyles. ③However, people still prefer the traditional types of jobs which will be highly-paid in the future. ④So the highest-paying jobs will go to people with degrees in science, computers, engineering, and health care.

Character is a respect for human beings and the right to interpret experience differently. Character admits self-interest as a natural trait, but pins its faith on man's hesitant but heartening instinct to understand and support others. Character is allergic to tyranny, irritable with ignorance and always open to improvement. Character implies the ability to laugh wholeheartedly and weep unashamedly. Character is, above all, a tremendous humility before the facts ― an automatic alliance with truth even when that truth is bitter medicine.

A quality of character not mentioned by the author is

.

우리가 작년에 그 아파트를 구입했었더라면 얼마나 좋을까.

Some students make the mistake of thinking that mathematics consists solely of solving problems by means of formulas and rules. ①To become successful problem solvers, however, they have to appreciate the theory, recognizing the logical structure and reasoning behind the mathematical methods. ②To do so requires a precision of understanding the exact meaning of a mathematical statement and of expressing thoughts with accuracy and clarity. ③However, this precision cannot be achieved without real appreciation of the subtleties of language. ④In fact, anyone can advance much beyond mere problem solving tasks without manipulating mathematical formulas and rules. That is, superior ability in the use of language is a prerequisite to become successful problem solvers.

An old woman came into her doctor's office and confessed to an embarrassing problem. "I fart all the time, Doctor Johnson, but they're soundless, and they have no odor. In fact, since I've been here, I've farted no less than twenty times. What can I do?" "Here's a prescription, Mrs. Harris. Take these pills three times a day for seven days and come back and see me in a week." Next week in upset Mrs. Harris marched into Dr. Johnson's office. "Doctor, I don't know what was in those pills, but the problem is worse! I'm farting just as much, but now they smell terrible! What do you have to say for yourself?" "Calm down, Mrs. Harris," said the doctor soothingly. "Now that we've fixed your sinuses, we'll work on your other sense!"

The sales talk of the old-fashioned businessman was essentially rational. He knew his merchandise, he knew the needs of the customer, and on the basis of this knowledge he tried to sell. To be sure his sales talk was not entirely objective and he used persuasion as much as he could; yet, in order to be efficient, it had to be a rather rational and sensible kind of talk. A vast sector of modern advertising is different; it does not appeal to reason but to emotion; like any other kind of hypnoid suggestion, it tries to impress its customers emotionally and then make them submit intellectually. This type of advertising impresses the customers by all sorts of means such as the repetition of the same formula again and again. All these methods are essentially irrational; they have nothing to do with the qualities of the merchandise, and they suppress and kill the critical capacities of the customers.

Many of the greatest economic evils of our time are the fruits of risk, uncertainty, and ignorance. It is because particular individuals, fortunate in situation or in abilities, are able to take advantage of uncertainty and ignorance, and also because for the same reason big business is often a lottery, that great inequalities of wealth come about. And these same factors are also the cause of the unemployment of labor, or the disappointment of reasonable business expectations, and of the impairment of efficiency and production. Yet the cure lies outside of the operations of individuals. I believe that the cure for these things is partly to be sought in the deliberate control of the currency and of credit by a central institution, and partly in the collection and dissemination of data relating to the business situation including the full publicity, by law if necessary, of all business facts which it is useful to know. Even if these measures prove insufficient, they will furnish us with better knowledge than we have now for taking the next step.

Sarah frequently hurts others when she criticizes their work because she is so outspoken.

Mary and I have been friends over 10 years but I sometimes have a strange feeling to her. She is as deep as a well.

Quite often, the simple life feels out of reach because of all the problems and challenges that crop up.

The executives should estimate their debt-to-income ratios to see whether they run the risk of becoming .

I ①looked forward to this visit more than one ②would think, ③considered I was flying seven hundred miles to sit alongside a ④dying man. But I seemed to slip into a time warp when I visited Morrie, and I liked myself better when I was there.

New York's Christmas is featured in many movies ①while this time of year, ②which means that this holiday is the most romantic and special in the Big Apple. ③The colder it gets, the brighter the city becomes ④with colorful lights and decorations.

One custom that is common at weddings in the United States is throwing rice at the bride and groom as they leave the place where the wedding ceremony has just been held. No one knows exactly why people throw rice. One explanation is that the rice assures that the couple will have many children. If this is true, then the custom is not always a good one now because .

"There is a huge drive to deep right," the announcer cries. His voice shrills with excitement, "It's high, it's far, it's going, going ..., gone." As the batter triumphantly circles the bases, the crowd cheers politely. However, their suspicion is nearly as audible as their pleasure. Where did the muscles come from? Was the homer legitimate? Should it count in this particular game? And what about the sport's records? Due to the widespread use in sports of anabolic steroids, the lords of the game must accept that the very integrity of the game is . These steroids were developed originally to help cancer patients. They promote weight gain and increase muscle mass. In recent years, athletes have taken them hoping to improve their performance on the playing field. The problem with this is two-fold. First, steroid use gives one group of athletes an unfair advantage. Second, steroid users incur a great risk of psychological and physical side effects.

A:You know, I'm getting transferred to Seoul.

B:Seoul? Is that good or bad?

A:Oh, I was hoping for it.

B:.

A:It doesn't make sense. Why should the power go off all of a sudden and the phone line?

B:Maybe some kind of an electrical storm or something.

A: Sky's just as blue as anything. Not a cloud. No lightening. No thunder. Nothing. How could it be a storm?

In the late 20th century, the northern hemisphere experienced its most widespread warmth for 1,200 years, according to the journal Science. The findings support evidence pointing to unprecedented recent warming of the climate linked to greenhouse emissions. University of East Anglia(UEA) researchers measured changes in fossil shells, tree rings, ice cores and other past temperature records. They also looked at people's diaries from the last 750 years. Timothy Osborn and Keith Briffa of UEA analysed instrument measurements of temperatures from 1856 onwards to establish the geographic extent of recent warming. Then, they compared this data with evidence dating back as far as AD 800. The analysis confirmed periods of significant warmth in the northern hemisphere from AD 890 to 1170 (the so-called "Medieval Warm Period") and for much colder periods from AD 1580 to 1850 (the "Little Ice Age").

Ice wines are becoming increasingly popular across North America. While ice wines have always been fashionable in Western Europe, they were hard to find in North America and often ridiculously expensive. Ice wines are more expensive than other types of wine on account of the temperature requirements to make them. The grapes must be left on the vines until the first frost, after which they are harvested. If the first frost comes too late, the grapes will turn rotten, and the harvest will be lost. Add to that the cost of shipping the wines, and they become rather expensive. However, good quality North American ice wines, produced in California and British Columbia, have recently come onto the market, making ice wines more affordable.

The umbrella is so old that no one knows where it came from－it was invented before man learned how to write. But for thousands of years, the umbrella was used only for protection from the sun, rather than from the rain. The word 'umbrella', in fact, comes from the Latin word 'umbra', which means 'shade', and ancient slaves held umbrellas over their masters to give them shade. At the beginning, umbrellas were carried only by women, for they weren't considered 'manly' enough to be used by men. It wasn't until about 300 years ago that people began to use waterproof umbrellas in the rain.

Euthanasia generally refers to mercy killing, the voluntary ending of the life of someone who is terminally or hopelessly ill. Euthanasia has become a legal, medical and ethical issue over which opinion is divided. Euthanasia can be either active or passive. Active euthanasia means that a physician or other medical personnel takes a deliberate action that will induce death. Passive euthanasia means letting a patient die for lack of treatment or suspending treatment that has begun. A good deal of the controversy about mercy killing stems from the decision-making process. Who decides if a patient is to die? This issue had not been established legally in the United States. The matter is left to state law, which usually allows the physician in charge to suggest the option of death to a patient's relatives, especially if the patient is brain-dead.

The article suggests that euthanasia should be .

One bacterium that survives keeps replicating because it is not to the drug treatment.

The function of the historian is neither to love the past nor to emancipate himself from the past, but to master and understand it as the key to the understanding of the present.

A:Why do you have to be so stubborn?

B:I don't know. That's just the way I am.

I guess I'm just a chip off the old block.

In the mid 1990s, it was estimated that 9 million

① ②

Americans were planning a summer vacation alone.

③ Since then, the number of solo travelers have increased.

④

A:Would you like to get some coffee?

B:That's a good idea.

A:Should we buy Americano or Cafe-Latte?

B:It doesn't matter to me.

A:I think I'll get Americano.

B:Sounds great to me.

A:

B:Today is Monday, so you can have it until next Monday.

A:Can I have the book for a few more days?

B:No. Books borrowed should be returned within one week.

A:Is there any way to keep this book for around 10 days?

B:Well, I'm afraid there isn't. You'll just have to renew the book for another week.

A:Are you ready to go to the party, Amy?

B:I don't know whether I can go. I'm feeling a little sick, and my dress is really not that nice. Maybe you should just go without me.

A:Come on, Amy. Stop . I know you too well. You're not sick. What is the real root of the problem?

Illegible handwriting does not indicate weakness of character, as even a quick glance at the penmanship of George Washington, Franklin D. Roosevelt, or John F. Kennedy reveals.

For the Greeks, beauty was a virtue: a kind of excellence. If it occurred to the Greeks to distinguish between a person's “inside” and “outside,” they still expected that inner beauty would be matched by beauty of the other kind. The well-born young Athenians who gathered around Socrates found it quite _______________ that their hero was so intelligent, so brave, so honorable, so seductive―and so ugly.

We should behave towards our country as women behave towards the men they love. A loving wife will do anything for her husband except to stop criticizing and trying to improve him. That is the right attitude for a citizen. We should cast the same affectionate but sharp glance at our country. We should love it, but also insist upon telling it all its faults. The dangerous man is not the (A)___________, but the noisy empty (B)___________ who encourages us to indulge in orgies of self-congratulation.

Thank you for inviting me to speak to you today. I'd like to take this opportunity to tell you about our Silver Service activities and why we believe it is important for everyone to be involved in helping the elderly in our community. Did you know that one in every six people over the age of 60 in this community needs some kind of help in his or her home? Those of us who have experience in this kind of work know that our small “investments” in time and effort are nothing compared to the kind of satisfaction and fulfillment we get in return.

The speech is delivered by a ____________.

Fortunately, psychologists believe that books can serve as therapeutic tools―or at least as effective adjuncts to professional therapy―to help children come to terms with their parents' divorce. According to educator-counselor Joanne Bernstein, stories that confront life's problems with candor and credibility may provide insights, promote self-examination, and lead to changes in attitude and behavior. One way stories accomplish this is through identification. Reading about the grief and anxiety of others, she explains, can arouse sudden awareness as problems that have not been consciously or completely recognized are allowed to surface. Introduced to characters who share their difficulties, children may feel less alienated and thus freer to discuss and resolve their own plight.

International Import Company

100 East Houston St.

New York, NY 10053

U. S. A.

Farmers Fruit Ltd.

Aghia Paraskevi 19081

Athens, Greece

Dear Sirs,

In reply to your letter dated May 3rd, we thank you for allowing us a special discount. This makes it possible for us to place an order and to expect quite good sales.

We have pleasure of enclosing our Order No. 813/BS, and would ask you to return the duplicate to us, duly signed, as an acknowledgement.

Yours faithfully,

Paul Hogan

Enc. Order No. 813/BS

Various fogs are essentially clouds that form at the earth's surface, produced by temperature differences and moisture in the air. As warm, moisture-laden air cools, the amount of moisture that air can contain decreases. Warm air can hold more water vapor than cold air. So if the air is cooled sufficiently it will reach the dew point, at which the moisture begins to gather together out of the air and form water drops, creating fog.

Job-related stress can lead to symptoms of poor physical health such as weight gain, fatigue and illness. Both diet and exercise can contribute to the alleviation of these negative effects of stress. The first step is to eliminate junk food from the diet. Instead of soda or a candy bar, try a piece of fresh fruit. The next step is to make a habit of exercising every day. And you should aim for twenty to thirty minutes of exercise a day. The key is to find a form of exercise that you enjoy. That way, you are more likely to do it every day and will receive the maximum benefit. Both diet and exercise can help you maintain a healthy weight, keep you feeling energized, and protect you from sickness. Then you will be better equipped to deal with the sources of stress at your job.

Dogs have long had special standing in the medical world. Trained to see for the blind, hear for the deaf and move for the immobilized, dogs have become indispensable companions for people with disabilities. However, dogs appear to be far more than four-legged health care workers. One Japanese study found pet owners made 30 percent fewer visits to doctors. A Melbourne study of 6,000 people showed that owners of dogs and other pets had lower cholesterol, blood pressure and heart attack risk compared with people who didn’t have pets. Obviously, the better health of pet owners could be explained by a variety of factors, but many experts believe companion animals improve health at least in part by lowering stress.

More and more people are turning away from their doctors and, instead, going to individuals who have no medical training and who sell unproven treatments. They go to quacks to get everything from treatments for colds to cures for cancer. And they are putting themselves in dangerous situations. Many people don't realize how unsafe it is to use unproven treatments. First of all, the treatments usually don't work. They may be harmless, but, if someone uses these products instead of proven treatments, he or she may be harmed. Why? Because during the time the person is using the product, his or her illness may be getting worse. This can even cause the person to die.

사람의 키는 자신의 가운데 손가락 길이의 약 20배 정도 된다고 한다.

A: Have you been served?

B:

There are two excellent television programs scheduled tonight, but I can see only one of them because they are .

Icelanders are individualists like Americans. The difference seems to be in a sense of community. Iceland, known as the land of “fire and ice,” is about living with opposing forces. It is one of the most active volcanic countries on earth, but has 4,536 square miles of _______ ― heat and cold, co-existing. No surprise then that its society can reconcile another set of opposing forces: individualism and the needs of the community.

In retrospect, I was taken in by the real estate agent who had a fancy manner of talking.

The substantial rise in the number of working mothers, whose costs for childcare were not factored into the administration’s policymaking, was one of the main reasons that led to the unexpected result at the polls.

Younger students ① who participated in the survey ② sponsored by a weekly magazine turned out ③ to be less concerned about the serious problems of homeless people ④ as the older students were.

When Jesse and Rachel got married, they knew they wanted to live in a traditional nuclear family ― mother, father, and biological children. Each of them had come from other family arrangements, and they had decided that a more traditional arrangement was what they wanted. Rachel had been born out of wedlock. Because her parents had never married, she had never met her biological father. Jesse’s mother had been widowed. His father’s early death made Jesse want to have a large family.

Broom jumping is most famous in the United States as an African-American wedding custom. The broom holds spiritual significance for many African people, representing the beginning of homemaking for a couple. The ritual itself in America was created during slavery. Because slaves could not legally marry, they created their own ways to honor their unions. Broom jumping is a ritual in which the bride and the groom, either at the ceremony or at the reception, signify their entrance into a new life and their creation of a new family by symbolically sweeping away of their former single lives, and jumping over the broom to enter upon a new adventure as wife and husband.

Upstate New York florist Patricia Woysher has been in the business for forty years. She’s sold flowers to tens of thousands of folks in the area and even received one of the best assignments a florist could hope for, decorating the White House for the Christmas season. “I had to take a deep breath. I mean, you see pictures of the place all your life, then one day you’re in the Oval Office.” Despite the excitement, Patricia’s focus remained on her day-to-day concerns. “Doing the White House was exciting and rewarding, but my job is to run my business. I want to have something here that will last forever, that I can pass on to my children.”

It is a great nuisance that knowledge cannot be acquired without trouble. It can only be acquired by hard work. It would be fine if we could swallow the powder of profitable information made palatable by the jam of fiction. But the truth is that, so made palatable, we cannot be sure that the powder will be profitable. I suggest to you that the knowledge the novelist imparts is ( ㉠ ) and thus ( ㉡ ) and it is better not to know a thing at all than to know it in a distorted fashion. If readers wish to inform themselves of the pressing problems of the day, they will do better to read, not novels but the books that specifically deal with them. I suggest to you that it is enough for a novelist to be a good novelist. It is unnecessary for him to be a prophet, a politician or a leader of thought. Fiction is an art and the purpose of art is to please.

Two men were dining together in a restaurant. The first man ordered the food. The second man, who was unaccustomed to eating out, said nothing. When the food arrived, the second man _______ everything his friend did. When the first man took rice, so did the second. The first man ate a shrimp, and so did the second man. Finally, the first man took a toothpick, and his friend did the same. Later the first man asked his friend how he had enjoyed the meal. The second man answered, “Everything was perfect, except for the last bit. It tasted like bamboo.”

A Western-style conversation between two people is like a game of tennis. If I introduce a topic, a conversational ball, I expect you to hit it back. If you agree with me, I don’t expect you simply to agree and do nothing more. I expect you to add something ― a reason for agreeing, another example, or an elaboration to carry the idea further. But I don’t expect you always to agree. I am just as happy if you question me, or challenge me, or completely disagree with me. Whether you agree or disagree, _______.

A cause always has an effect, and an effect has a cause. Often, however, in searching for the cause or effect of an act, we jump to conclusions. If John Wilkins, who is big and strong, doesn’t go out for the football team, some pupils say, “Wilkins has no courage.” Perhaps the real reason is that his parents object, he is behind in his school work and can’t afford the time, or he believes that football is not worth playing.

The saying for which I had to find the meaning was: “People who live in glass houses shouldn’t throw stones.”

(A)My first guess was that it was about a situation in which those who want to fight should first think about defending themselves from attack. Obviously, a person whose house is made of glass, which is easily broken, should be careful. If you throw a stone, the person at whom you threw the stone could throw it back and smash your house.

(B)I think this is good advice for anyone who is critical of other people.

(C)However, this saying, whose meaning I looked up in a dictionary of English idioms is not really about fighting. It means that you should not criticize others for faults similar to those you have.

Such variation, however, was common then with the spelling of many words, not just names.

William Shakespeare is rightly regarded as one of the world’s great writers; yet it would seem that he couldn’t spell his own name! ( ㉠ ) Samples of his signature that have survived show his name spelled in several different ways. ( ㉡ ) Not until the eighteenth century when dictionaries came into use was a single spelling for each word accepted as correct. ( ㉢ ) A few words, however, escaped being standardized in this way; ‘instill’ (which can also be spelled ‘instil’) is one of them. ( ㉣ ) When a dictionary gives two different spellings of a word, the one given first is preferred.

The term home schooling or home tuition, as it is called in England, means educating children at home or in places other than a mainstream setting such as a public or private school. There are many reasons why parents choose home schooling for their children. Some parents are dissatisfied with the quality of education in the public schools. Others do not want their children to have to worry about “peer pressure,” or social pressure from friends. They say it may interfere with the child’s studies. These parents fear this type of pressure will lead to negative behavior such as smoking, drinking alcohol, and taking drugs.

A: Did we finish packing all the orders?

B: No, we still have to do about ten more.

A: I'm tired of packing this stuff.

B: Maybe we could finish it later.

A: Sure, we could do it tomorrow morning.

B: O.K.

A:I looked for a parking place over and over again. I couldn't find one anywhere.

B: So what did you do?

A: I had no choice but to park in a loading zone.

B:

Air temperatures of over 130 degrees in summer are common in this desolate island.

He collaborated with his son on the English translation of a text on food production.

At my last school, they called me names because I was so slow.

All is a continuous supply of food and water.

Reviews on caffeine and conception . One study of 2,817 women found no effect of caffeine on their chances of conceiving, while another of 1,909 women linked more than 300 milligrams of caffeine daily to a delay in conception.

우리 비행기는 예정보다 10분 늦게 도착했다.

미국 우주비행사들을 대상으로 실험한 결과 강하고 튼튼한 뼈를 유지하기 위해서는 신체활동이 매우 중요하다는 것이 입증되었다.

In Rome, Italy, a store burglary suspect, when ①caught in a store after closing hours, ②explained the police that he suffered from a desire to sleep constantly and had fallen asleep inside the store. ③To prove his point, he ④kept falling asleep during police questioning.

Although industrial countries have made great advances in health care, today their health care systems are experiencing some serious problems.

가. In the United States, for example, nearly $2 billion is spent every day for health care, and this amount is increasing at an annual rate of 12 percent.

나. As a result of these increasing costs, access to good health care is being reduced rather than expanded.

다.By far the most urgent of these problems is financial: medical costs are rising faster than prices in most other areas of the economy.

Suddenly finding yourself in a strange country can be rather frightening. You lose all of the props that generally support you, and all of the familiar cues that provide information about what to do. Without familiar props and cues to orient you in unfamiliar situations, it becomes difficult to ____________ life in a new setting. Everything can seem different. You don't even know how much to tip a cab driver or a waiter in a restaurant. In this situation, you can lose a sense of logic, developing irrational fear of the local people.

People who are happy don't get everything they want, but they want most of what they can get. In other words, they rig the game in their favor by choosing to value things that are within their grasp. People who find themselves dissatisfied in life often set unreachable goals for themselves, setting themselves up to fail. Yet people who set high goals for themselves and try to reach them are no happier than people who set and reach more modest goals.

In the field of intercultural communication, I learned that the position of the bodies of people in conversation varies with the culture. It used to puzzle me that a special Arab friend seemed unable to walk and talk at the same time. After years in the US, he could not bring himself to stroll along, facing forward while talking. Our progress would be arrested while he edged ahead, cutting slightly in front of me and turning sideways so we could see each other. Once in this position, he would stop. His behavior was explained when I learned that for the Arabs to view the other person ____________ is regarded as impolite.

According to some experts, we are leaving our children and grandchildren a frightening inheritance: an increased accumulation of so-called greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and the potentially disastrous climate changes that this increase may bring about. However, the scientific community . Other scientists claim that the evidence for global warming is inconclusive and argue that predictions based on it are questionable. The scientific debate has been intense. It has also fueled a political controversy about what measures, if any, should be taken to address the possible problem of climate changes.

"They say best men are molded out of faults," wrote Shakespeare in Measure for Measure, "and, for the most, become much more the better for being a little bad." Thus, each goof-up can be seen as a prime opportunity for self-improvement. Indeed, the bigger the blooper, the better its chance of helping you become a better person ―if you know how to make amends.

Among the many physical risks facing astronauts sent to the Moon or Mars, the biggest danger will be the least visible: radiation. This is nuclear particles that arrive at almost light speed from beyond the Solar System. The particles slice through strands of DNA, boosting the risk of cancer and other ailments. A 2001 NASA study found that at least 39 former astronauts suffered cataracts after flying in space, 36 of whom took part in high-radiation missions such as the Apollo landings.

Humans have always been fascinated by dreams. The vivid dreams people remember and talk about are REM dreams―the type that occurs almost continuously during periods of rapid eye movement(REM) during sleep. But people also have NREM dreams―dreams that occur during periods without rapid eye movement―although they are typically less frequent and less memorable than REM dreams. REM dreams have a story-like or dream-like quality and are more visual, vivid, and emotional than NREM dreams. Interestingly, blind people who lose their sight before age five usually do not have visual dreams, but they have vivid dreams involving the other senses. A popular belief about dreams is that an entire dream takes place in an instant, but in fact, it is not true. Sleep researchers have discovered that it takes about as long to dream a dream as it would to experience the same thing in real life.

Everyone worries at one time or another. It is a part of our every day lives. We worry about deadlines, about financial problems, and about our relationships with others. Surprisingly, the fact is that worrying is not always a bad thing. Some amount of worry is necessary because it gives us time to concentrate on a problem and find possible solutions or ways to deal with it. Some worry is stimulating. It can propel you to do better work or to complete work on time. In other cases, however, our worries can interfere with our problem-solving abilities. We worry so much that it stops us from taking the steps needed to solve the problem. If it continues, worrying can take away our energy and lead to physical problems such as fatigue, headaches, muscle pain, and insomnia.